高中英语语法-关系副词引导的定语从句说明

同学们在英语的学习中要注重对语法的积累，只有在语法的学习中做好积累才能够在英语的学习中取得进步。下面学大为大家提供的是高中英语语法-关系副词引导的定语从句说明，希望大家了解。

由关系副词引导的定语从句

1 学习由关系副词引导的定语从句基本句法:

地点名词(时间名词)+关系副词+定语从句，引导定语从句的关系副词主要有where, when 和why。why只能引导由名词reason作先行词的定语从句。

关系副词where和when 所引导的定语从句用来说明先行词所发生的地点和时间，因此关系副词首先是起连接主从句的作用，其次在定语从句中作地点或时间状语。

where的语法功能相当于in (on, at, from...)+地点名词或表地点的副词there, here等。

when的语法功能相当于in(on, at, from...)+时间名词或表时间的副词。

例：①As a child ,he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where he lived. (where =on the small farm) 当他还是一个小孩的时候，他就习惯了艰苦的劳动，并帮助他的父亲在他们所生活的农场干活。

②This is the village where I was born. (where=in the village) 这就是我出生的村庄。

由when引导的定语从句，其先行词必须是表时间的名词并且在定语从句中作时间状语。

例：①This was a time when there were still slaves in the U.S.A. . 这是一个在美国仍处在奴隶制度的时代。 when=at that time在从句中作时间状语。

②I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father. 我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。 when=on that day

why引导的定语从句主要用来限定reason的内容，其表语才是说明原因。

例：①This is the reason why I did so . 这就是我要这么做的理由。

why = for which...

②The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard. 他这次考试成功的原因是因为他学习非常努力。

说明：在time作先行词表示"次数"时，如被序数词修饰或the last修饰时，只能用that为引导词。

例：①This is the last time(that) I shall go there with you. 这将是我最后一次和你一块到那里去。

②The first time (that) I saw you was last month. 我第一次与你见面是在上个月。

2 语法句型

1 make sb.+动词原形

make在该结构中是使役动词，后接不带to的复合宾语。能接复合宾语的动词常见的有make,have,let,call,get,force等。复合宾语中的补语常由名词、副词、形容词、介词短语和非谓语动词等担任。

例：The owners of slaves often made them work very hard on their farm. 奴隶主们常迫使他们(奴隶)在农场里拼命地干活。

说明：get,force作使役动词， 后接不定式作补语不能省略 to。

例：We should get everyone to understand it. 我们应该让大家都明白这一

点。

2 反意疑问句

反意疑问句是由"陈述句+简单问句"所构成的。

主要用途：A.表真实的疑问。

B.表说话人的倾向。

C.表强调或反问。

语法句型结构：肯定陈述+否定疑问。

否定陈述+肯定疑问。

回答结构：否定+否定回答。

肯定+肯定回答。

注意事项：A.陈述部分和疑问部分必须保持人称和时态的一致;B.回答部分，要前后一致。

例：①That was a hundred years ago,wasn't it ? 那是一百年以前的事了，对吗?

②She'll not come to join us, will she ? 她不来参加我们的活动，对吗?

No，she will not. 或 Yes,she will. 是，她不参加或不，她来参加。

3 What's on +地点状语

on为副词，在句子中作表语，意思是"正在发生"或"正在进行"。

例：①What is on at the theatre in these days ? 剧院里近几天上演什么戏?

②What's on in your office ? 你办公室里发生了什么事?

4 as+名词短语作时间状语。

"as+名词短语"相当于when引导的一个时间状语，从句中省略了主语和连系动词be，这种结构要求A：主句和从句中的主语一致;B：从句中的谓语动词是连系动词be。

例：①As (he was) a child he used to work hard . 他还是一个小孩时就习惯于艰苦的生活。

②As (she was) a little girl she could play the piano very well. 她还是一个小姑娘时，琴就弹得很好。

5 so+形容词/副词+that从句

so...that引导的结果状语从句，如果主句和从句的主语一致，从句中又有can(could)not，可以用too...to的结构替换。so是副词，用来说明形容词，副词或分词的程度，that引出结果，在口语中that可省略。

例：①The family was so poor that the boy couldn't get many books. 家里太穷，孩子不能买很多书。

②There were so many people in the room that I could not get in . 房里有太多人我进不去。

③He is so old that he can't work any more. 他年纪太老了，再也不能工作了。

6 consider sb./sth. to be

consider作"认为"，"把......看作......"解，后往往接复合宾语，动词不定式作补足语时"to be"可省略。

例：①The people had considered him(to be)a great leader. 人们一直认为他是一位伟大的领袖。

②I consider this sentence (to be) correct. 我认为这个句子是正确的。

3 学习中应注意的问题

1)在反意疑问句中，陈述句是I don't think(believe)时，简单问句应和宾语从句一致，且用肯定式。

例：I don't think he is a student , is he ? 我想他不是一个学生，对吗?

2)陈述句部分是I'm时，疑问部分用aren't。

I am late,aren't I ?我迟到了，是吗?

3)陈述句部分是不定代词作主语时，疑问部分用they或he代替，动词或助动词和人称保持一致。

例：Everyone is here , aren't they ? 大家都来齐了，是吗?

4)陈述部分有"have to"动词短语时疑问部分的助动词用"do"。

例：You have to get there on time , don't you ?你得按时去那里，是吗?

5)陈述部分have 为行为动词时，疑问部分只能用助动词do的适当形式。

You had a good time on holiday, didn't you?你节日玩得快乐，是吗?

同步训练

Ⅰ 单项选择

1.Such a mistake___ this can be avoided(避免).

A.like B.as C.about D.with

2.It's necessary___ the book.

A.for him return B.that he return C.that he returns D.for him returns

3.That's ___an important lecture that you'd better attend it.

A.very B.so C.such D.two

4.We'll stay in Wuhan for___ ,then go to Beijing for a visit.

A.sometimes B.some time C.sometime D.some times

5.Professor Li gave some advice___ to learn English.

A.how B.on what C.on how D.on

6.The girl was late for school___ the heavy rain.

A.because B.because of C.for D.as

7.You'd better speak loudly so as to___ by all.

A.bearing B.heard C.be hearing D.be heard

8.Try to use___ many new words and expressions in the composition as possible.

A.much B.so C.as D.such

9.Only when he told me the news, ___what had happened.

A.did I know B.I did know C.I know D.I know did

10.Who was the first person___ today ?

A.that spoke to you B.that you spoke to C.you spoke D.whom you spoke to

Ⅱ 用适当的关系代词填空

1.I still remember the time ___we first came to the school half a year ago.

2.It is about a Negro(黑人)who wants to find his root ___his ancestor(祖先) was born.

3.The Negro will never forget the year,___ Lincoln led them fighting against slavery.

4.This is the last time___ I shall go there with you.

5.The house ___Lincoln used to live is now a school.

答案与详解

第四节

Ⅰ. 1.B.as指同一事物。

2.B.主语从句中动词前往往省略(should)。

3.C.such修饰(形容词)+名词，so+形+(a)+名词。

4.B.some time 表一段时间。

5.C.on表示在某个方面，how+不定式表行为方式。

6.B.because of+名词表原因。

7.D.主语为动词不定式的被动式。

8.C.as...as possible尽可能的。

9.A.only when置于句首，主句倒装，过去时助动词为did。

10.B.主句为who引导的疑问句，且先行词由序数修饰，关系代词只能用 that。

Ⅱ.1.when 2.where 3.when 4.that 5.where

同学们在英语的学习中要注重对语法进行积累，上文学大为大家提供的是高中英语语法-关系副词引导的定语从句说明，希望大家了解。